Coinciding with this increased bacterial burden, clodronate-treated mice infected with S17Phago-Sens displayed a mild increase in lung MPO activity and lung IL-12p40 and CXCL1 levels at 24 hours post-infection compared to vehicle-treated mice infected with S17Phago-Sens, while no differences were observed in BAL monocyte and neutrophil numbers and the levels of TNF, IL-1β, IL-17A, and CCL5 in the lungs of vehicle- and clodronate-treated at the 24 hour timepoint (Figures 5C–F). Here, TNF is linked to infection.