Clinically, a combination of an ICI (atezolizumab, anti-PD-L1 mAb) with antiangiogenic therapy (bevacizumab, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mAb) has led to major breakthroughs in treatment of metastatic NSCLC and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 117, 118. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.