In the multivariable IVW analysis, after controlling for circulating leptin levels, the causal impact of BMI on PE (OR = 1.25, p = 2.93e-01) was no longer significant and reduction in significance was observed for the effect on VTE (OR = 1.48, p = 1.22e-02) and DVT (OR = 1.71, p = 7.85e-03) (Table 5; Figure 3). Here, LEP is linked to deep vein thrombosis.