Variants in more than 40 genes cause ALS, most common of which are those encoding SOD1, chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS), which are all linked to both sporadic and familial forms of disease [328]. Here, TARDBP is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.