IDH1 and glioma: To characterize the differentiation blockage at the single cell level, unsupervised clustering was performed using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) [40] in single-cell RNA-seq data for 18 IDH-mutant gliomas and 8 IDH-wild-type gliomas from our own collection, complemented with 13 IDH-mutant gliomas [32, 33] and 7 IDH-wild-type gliomas [34] from previous reports (Fig. 3A, Additional file 1: Fig. S10A and Additional file 3: Table S2).