Thus, together these findings suggest that the expansion of the effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell pool observed in DF cases (Figs. 2, 3) might be supported by increased metabolic rates, required to induce activation and proliferation of this compartment, and in the absence of this adaptive response, a type-I innate response is required to control the infection, which is associated with progression to severe disease manifestations. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is infection.