Interestingly, in immune cell infiltration analysis and immune checkpoint analysis, IGFL2 showed a negative relationship with most immune cells and immune-related genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, where genes such as PD-L1, PD-L and interferon-γ were reported to have the potential to predict the therapeutic benefit of checkpoint inhibitors28, this suggests that IGFL2 may act on genetic checkpoints to affect cancer. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and cancer.