Genetic variations in the targets of insulin and its analogues, thiazolidinedione and sulfonylurea were associated with a risk reduction in T2DM, with ORs (95%CI) per 0.1mmol/L glucose lowering being 0.40 (0.25–0.65), 0.30 (0.18–0.50) and 0.48 (0.37–0.63), respectively (Supplementary Fig. 3, panel A). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.