For glaucoma, biomarkers were mapped on five pathways (Fig. 4A), among which four were overlapped with AMD and DR: hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications (Fig. 4A). The gene discussed is RENBP; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.