TNF and Hepatic fibrosis: Hepatic fibrosis represents the final common pathway of chronic inflammatory liver injury and is mediated by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the key effectors of fibrogenesis.33,34 The MSC secretome has been linked to therapeutic benefit by inhibiting liver fibrosis due to the production of transforming growth factor beta-isoform 3 (TNF-β3), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF),35 and IL-10, all of which inhibit the proliferation of ΗSCs (Fig. 1).36,37