TNF and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Studies revealed a series of changes from cytokines, chemokines, and metabolic products to blood cell categories in OSA (Yokoe et al., 2003; Ryan, Taylor & McNicholas, 2005; Cubillos-Zapata et al., 2017), as an increase in CRP, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, NFkB, PD-1, cell-free DNA, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (Rha et al., 2020), CD4+T/CD8+T ratio (Domagała-Kulawik et al., 2015).