SIGMAR1 and cardiac hypertrophy: It has also been shown that treatment with non-selective Sigmar1 agonist improved cardiac contractile dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy by activating Akt-eNOS signaling axis in pressure-overload-induced cardiac injury model of rat and mice (Bhuiyan and Fukunaga, 2009; Bhuiyan et al., 2010; Tagashira et al., 2010; Bhuiyan et al., 2011a; Bhuiyan et al., 2011b; Bhuiyan and Fukunaga, 2011; Tagashira et al., 2013).