SIGMAR1 and lung carcinoma: Several ligand dependent studies suggested the potential roles of Sigmar1 ligands in anti-inflammatory, anti-pulmonary remodeling, lung cancer, and alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from viral replication after infection (Mach et al., 2013; van Waarde et al., 2015; Gordon et al., 2020b; Hashimoto et al., 2022; Jiang et al., 2022).