Butyric acid protects the intestinal mucosal barrier by increasing AMPK activity and accelerating tight junction assembly between epithelial cells (Sun et al., 2018) and substantially reduces HFD-induced NAFLD in rats, where the reduction in triacylglycerol content is associated with significant activation of PPAR-α (Yun et al., 2019). The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.