In addition to its effects on body composition, there is growing evidence that a ketogenic diet may be a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease or other types of cognitive impairment via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) [19,20,21]. Here, TNF is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.