ESR1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: We further explored the combined associations of ESRα methylation and progesterone levels on different glucose statuses, finding that individuals with high levels of CpG 1 methylation of ESRα gene and progesterone exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of IFG and T2DM compared with individuals with low levels of CpG 1 methylation of ESRα gene and progesterone.