IL10 and colitis: Regarding the colitis models, dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) (n = 34) was most commonly used to induce colitis, followed by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) (n = 10), dinitro-benzenesulfonic acid (DNBs) (n = 2), anti-CD3 antibody (n = 1), IL-10 knockout (IL-10−/−) (n = 4), and T-cell transfer (n = 1); interestingly, five studies used more than one type of colitis model.