In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), significantly higher HMGB1 plasma levels have been detected in pediatric patients [115], confirming non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) animal models that demonstrated a high level HMGB1 and upregulation of RAGEs and TLRs as evidenced by increased mRNA levels in liver specimens [116,117]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.