Research indicates that HMGB1 levels in bronchoalveolar fluid and epithelial lining fluid correspond indirectly with spirometric values, i.e., forced expiratory volume during 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC of COPD patients [113,114], illustrating the degree of pulmonary inflammation and its detrimental effect on lung functioning. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.