SMAD4 and cancer: This finding was supported by the literature, where these genes were also found to be associated with cancer pathways, of which we mention EGFR, COX-2, PTEN, IGF, HGF, and SMAD4 [81,82,83,86,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124].