Based on the rationale that patients with micrometastatic microsatellite stable CRC presents increased TGF-β signaling and exclusion of anti-tumor cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment, the use of bintrafusp alfa, a bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the TGF-βRII receptor and anti-PD-L1 antibody, was evaluated in patients who had undergone resection of CRLM and presented postoperative ctDNA positivity. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.