Since T1DM is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoreactivity against pancreatic islet β-cells, with consequent impaired insulin production [2], the researchers aimed to verify if AHST could interrupt or at least decelerate the β-cell destruction by the immune system in a setting of new-onset/early T1DM, with benefits in terms of independence from insulin administration or a reduction in dose [31]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.