We also found upregulation of both inflammation- and fibrosis-related pathways in PLA2G2A+ IPF fibroblast in IPF like the TGF-β signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling, the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway and the ECM-receptor interaction (Figure 2F and Table 1). Here, TGFB1 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.