TLR4 and Insulin resistance: Our team has already shown that the expression of several TLRs (TLR2, TLR4, TLR8, and TLR10) and their downstream signaling molecules are augmented in obesity, with or without T2DM, and that these higher expression levels of inflammatory mediators are directly associated with insulin resistance, BMI, M1 macrophage polarization markers, and chemokine/cytokine expression [36,56,57,58].