TNF and Sepsis: The targeting of TNFα [215], IL1, IFNγ [125,126,127,136,137], proteases (Section 5 [115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123]), and female sex hormones [413,415,445] has been tried and/or suggested by animal studies, but the results so far have not been convincing, even though IL1 inhibition and immunostimulation seemed to improve survival for subsets of sepsis patients in two of these studies [446,447,448,449,450].