Current treatments include immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade monoclonal antibodies directed against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), antiangiogenic monoclonal antibodies, as well as multi-kinase inhibitors such as bevacizumab, sorafenib, lenvatinib, and cabozatinib, but effective systemic treatment options for HCC are still limited. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.