RNA preparations extracted from non-infected human lung carcinoma A549 cells or cells infected with wild-type vaccinia virus Copenhagen (VVC), VV-VP1080 (a VVC E3L deletion mutant), or recombinant vaccinia viruses VP1080-NS5BTV-1 (generated by homologous recombination to express BTV NS5) or VV-VP1080-E3L (generated by homologous recombination to express E3L), were analysed by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis (Figure 15). This evidence concerns the gene RAF1 and lung carcinoma.