TNF and cranioectodermal dysplasia: In particular, we detected the serum concentrations of nine cytokines, INFγ, IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, IL12p70, IL17A and TNFα, in 83 serum samples from 20 CeD patients (41 samples) and 26 CTRLs (42 samples) at 4 months of age (mean 3.85 months, range 3–5) before gluten introduction and after the second year of life (mean 36.2 months, range 24–48).