Thus, we suggested that by reshaping gut microbiota, PS128 regulates the miR-155-5p/SOCS1 pathway and its downstream targets and eventually confers neuroprotection, including reduced dopaminergic neuronal loss, reduced microglial activation, and suppression of inflammatory factors in the brain region of rotenone-induced PD-like mice (Figure 6). This evidence concerns the gene SOCS1 and Parkinson disease.