CHEK2 and neoplasm: Considering gene mutations are primarily caused by the incomplete repair of DNA damage during early embryogenesis, the Chk1 and Chk2 kinases (as key signal transducers of DNA damage) could be included in the overall diagnostic (with the application of suitable biomarkers) or therapeutic concept (with a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy) in the prevention of congenital deformities or postnatal activation of neoplasias.