Pregnant women who have CKD with suspected superimposed pre-eclampsia, along with severe angiogenic imbalance (sFlt1/PlGF ≥ 85), had a higher incidence of confirmed superimposed pre-eclampsia compared to patients without or with mild angiogenic imbalance (sFlt1/PlGF ≤ 38 and sFlt1/PlGF > 38 to <85). The gene discussed is PGF; the disease is chronic kidney disease.