Surprisingly, several previously healthy adults with critical COVID-19 were found to have autosomal recessive (AR) complete IRF7 or IFNAR1 deficiency, autosomal dominant (AD) TLR3, UNC93B1, TICAM1, TBK1, IRF3, IRF7, IFNAR1 or IFNAR2 deficiencies, or X-linked TLR7 deficiencies, establishing type I IFN immunity as a critical factor to control infection with SARS-CoV-2, while being largely redundant in the context of various other infections [162,163]. This evidence concerns the gene IRF3 and infection.