A recent study into NRF2-KEAP1 signalling in dilated and ischaemic cardiomyopathies (DCM and ICM, respectively) revealed a significantly increased NFE2L2/KEAP1 transcript ratio in both DCM and ICM patient samples with respect to healthy patients, though this may be driven more strongly by greater reductions in KEAP1 expression than increasing NFE2L2 [8]. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.