FGF23 and left ventricular hypertrophy: Given the stimulating direct effects of FGF23 on the development of left ventricular hypertrophy via the FGF receptor 4, and on sodium retention in the kidney tubule [103,104], the excess of FGF23 has been proposed as a pathogenic factor of the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality found in CKD patients [85,105,106].