However, despite this limitation, the need for additional characterization of brain insulin expression in regard to human health is important, given that intranasal insulin application has been proven to be successful as a treatment not only for Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment but for other complications such as cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injuries, and postoperative delirium [83]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.