In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded prospective study of obese patients with type 2 diabetes, sitagliptin exerted a comprehensive and potent anti-inflammatory effect, as demonstrated by a rapid reduction in the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and other inflammatory cytokines, which may have contributed to the inhibition of atherosclerosis [48]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.