TNF and infection: In the research by Davicino et al., endogenous galectin-1 regulate tolerogenic response by impairing the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-17, repressing synthesis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nitric oxide (NO) as well as activation of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), thereby promoting infection of Yersinia enterocolitica [30].