PPARGC1A and carcinoma: Then, we compared the ND4/ND1 ratios between the groups and found that, in the PGC1A-high group the plasma ND4/ND1 ratios were significantly higher in carcinomas than in hyperplasias, indicating that the discriminatory capacity of the ND4/ND1 evaluation using only crude plasma samples can be enhanced by the combined testing of gene expression data.