HMOX1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In addition, Ma et al. identified several autophagy-related genes, including nitric oxide synthase 3 (Nos3), insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1), vesicle-associated membrane protein 8(Vamp8), fos proto-oncogene (Fos), and heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), in the GSE89632 data set and recognized the MAPK signaling pathway as an important pathway, with Jun proto-oncogene (Jun) being a key gene involved in NAFLD progression [14].