Nevertheless, the assessment of murine hearts obtained from an in vivo model where mice were exposed to e-Cig aerosol with or without nicotine for 12 weeks showed an increase in cardiac ICAM-1 protein levels in mice exposed to e-Cig aerosol containing nicotine, suggesting that in vivo ICAM-1 could be initiating these early atherosclerosis changes. Here, ICAM1 is linked to atherosclerosis.