Consequently, DAG can activate protein kinase C (PKC) in muscle and liver [20], inhibiting insulin signaling and promoting skeletal muscle and liver insulin resistance, leading to systemic insulin resistance [21] and a variety of metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and T2D [22]. Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.