Men with an arm circumference less than 31.9 cm and a plasma ApoB level greater than 98.04 mg/dL, and women with a waist circumference less than 102.6 cm and a plasma ApoB level greater than 99.96 mg/dL, should be considered to have preclinical atherosclerosis and receive corresponding lifestyle education. The gene discussed is APOB; the disease is atherosclerosis.