TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The effects of androgen (Te) withdrawal on the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in pDCs (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) was analyzed in a male population affected by T2D with partial androgen deficiency: the reduction, or complete abrogation, in both spontaneous and ex vivo pro-inflammatory cytokine production was detected, with respect to the controls [29] (Table 1).