Understanding whether S2R modulators prevent or remedy the toxic effects of amyloid-β and α-synuclein oligomers, and protect synapses in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia with Lewy bodies will be important; however, ultimately, improvement in the quality of lives of individuals affected by these diseases will be of utmost value. This evidence concerns the gene TMEM97 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.