The immunoblot and NF-κB activity assays of this study demonstrated that the induction of androgen in the nuclear translocation of NF-κB signaling partly depends on the upregulation of MALT1 in LNCaP cells, indicating that the upregulation of NF-κB signaling by androgen induces PSA and NDRG1 gene expression via MALT1 in ARFL-positive prostate cancer cells (Figure 3). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate cancer.