Gq/Ca2+ signaling, e.g., from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) purinergic or calcium-sensing receptors, as well as adipokines and short-chain fatty acid metabolites secreted by epicardial fat adipocytes, also potently activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and exacerbate AFib [115,117]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and atrial fibrillation.