TP53 and lung carcinoma: However, molecular mechanisms explain that the apoptosis induction by epothilones can occur by both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, depending on the type of cell line and the functional status of the TP53 gene [51,52]; for example, EpoB increase the expression of p53 in A549 cells (lung carcinoma) that possess wild-type TP53 [52].