Though ATRX was originally discovered as the cause of the α-thalassemia, mental retardation, and X-linked (ATRX) syndrome, to date mounting evidence suggests that ATRX is mutated in a wide range of cancers, including gliomas, neuroblastomas, and sarcomas [69,70,71,72,73]. The gene discussed is ATRX; the disease is thalassemia.