Furthermore, using computational pathology, quantitative analysis of PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4, IDO-1, VISTA, ICOS, LAG-3, Tim-3, and OX40 demonstrated high expression of all markers, apart from LAG-3 and Tim-3, in NPC-associated immune cells [14]. Here, ICOS is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.