The authors discovered that the variant allele frequency (VAF) of TP53 and PTEN mutations was stereotypically enriched from 70% in tumors to nearly 100% in organoids, implying that the loss of heterozygosity and a point mutation in each gene was a founder mutation shared by most cancer cells in the tumor, which were enriched simply as epithelial cells in organoids [36]. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and neoplasm.