TGFB1 and breast carcinoma: In our previous study, we found that silencing hnRNPE1 or treating cells with TGFβ triggers breast cancer plasticity and increases expression of the Sema4F axon guidance molecule, leading to increased neurite outgrowth in PC12 and Neuro-2a cells and increased cancer innervation in a xenograft model in vivo [19].