On the other hand, the artificial fusion of esophageal carcinoma cells with human umbilical cord MSCs results in hybrids exhibiting benign transdifferentiation, with decreased cell growth, increased apoptosis, and suppressed tumorigenicity, with striking upregulation of a MAPK pathway inhibitor dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6)/MAP kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP3) expression able to suppress growth [321]. The gene discussed is DUSP6; the disease is carcinoma of esophagus.