However, the upregulation of CXCL12, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor (GFR)A1, ERα, Hes1, and c-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF, VEGFD) [344,345], and the downregulation of prohibin (PHB), WAP four-disulfide core domain 1 (WFDC1) and cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD) in CAFs [346,347] collectively promote cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Here, HES1 is linked to cancer.