In pancreatic cancer, when compared to NFs, CAFs include subpopulations associated with insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling, a population expressing lymphocyte antigen complex locus and locus cl (Ly6a/cl) and peptidase inhibitor 16 (Pi16), and a population with mesothelial markers, including mesothelin (Msln) and Cav1, cadherin 11 (Cdhll), and growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6), with potential immune-modulatory functions [368]. This evidence concerns the gene PI16 and pancreatic neoplasm.