They activate cancer cell signaling pathways and transcription factors, including IGF1/α6β4 complex, FGFR2, TIMP, DNA replication and mTOR signaling, Smad7, KLF4, and TBX2, and downstream proto-oncogenes such as MYC, MET, and CDK1, which facilitate cancer progression [76]. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is cancer.